Frances burqa ban women are effectively under house arrest

This article appeared on the online publication of â€Å"The Guardian†. The article addresses the recent ban on burqas in France. The article’s author follows up on the experiences of several Muslim women within France. According to the article, the ban on burqas has almost put some Muslim women under house arrest. The women whose experiences are used in the article concur that while they still faced some discrimination before the ban, the situation has worsened since the ban became effective.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on France’s burqa ban: women are effectively under house arrest specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The article quips that the new law can be challenged in a higher European court. In addition, no fines have been handed out to the women who have been caught wearing the niqab in public places. The article notes that there has not been any substantial protest against these laws e ven from Muslim groups. Moreover, the little protest that has been forthcoming is not sufficient enough to initiate any changes to the ban. The author is quick to note that the new law can potentially ‘embarrass’ France on the global front. This article is effective on many fronts. First, the article gives personal accounts of at least two defiant women. This takes the reader closer to the issue at hand. Most people react to this issue using their own experiences. For instance, only someone who has worn the niqab can accurately describe how wearing this piece of clothing feels like. The architects of the burqa ban argued that this mode of dressing was like a ‘walking prison’. The author of this article is able to bypass several opinions and go straight to the opinion that matters. This mode of research is able to exempt this article from the scourge of sensational journalism that dominates the 21st century. It is not easy to tell how people who have never w orn a niqab are able to deduce that wearing it feels like being in a prison. According to this article, the comfortableness of the niqab is the least concern for these women because they have to deal with other problems like discrimination and assault. Conflicts that stem from religious beliefs are not common in this century. The burqa ban in France provides an interesting insight into the dimension taken by religion based conflicts. The article states that the ban on burqas was instituted with the aim of liberating women. The lawmakers felt that by issuing a ban on burqas in public places they would potentially provide a reprieve for the women who were ‘forced’ to wear this type of clothing. This was also the general notion among the public. However, the aftermath of the ban indicates that this reasoning might have been misguided. The feeling towards the niqab-wearing women is supposed to be that of sympathy. However, the article reveals that the women are subjected to ridicule, abuse, and even violence. These incidences indicate that there are hidden agendas behind this legislation. The agenda was not to liberate the women but to vilify them. The article details different forms of this vilification from both the public and the state organs. The fact that no woman has been fined for wearing the niqab indicates that even the government is not sure about its actions.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The article offers subtle support to the Muslim women who are most affected by this ban. The article also personalizes the debate on this ban instead of generalizing it. Sympathetic reactions are also likely to follow the publication of this article. This essay on France’s burqa ban: women are effectively under house arrest was written and submitted by user Trey Love to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Battle of Rourkes Drift - The Battle of Rourkes Drift Zulu War

Battle of Rourkes Drift - The Battle of Rourkes Drift Zulu War Battle of Rourkes Drift -Conflict: The Battle of Rourkes Drift was fought during the Anglo-Zulu War (1879). Armies Commanders: British Lieutenant John ChardLieutenant Gonville Bromhead139 men Zulus Dabulamanzi kaMpande4,000-5,000 men Date: The stand at Rourkes Drift lasted from January 22 to January 23, 1879. Battle of Rourkes Drift -Background: In response to the death of several colonists at the hands of the Zulus, South African authorities issued an ultimatum to the Zulu king Cetshwayo requiring that the perpetrators be turned over for punishment. After Cetshwayo refused, Lord Chelmsford assembled an army to strike at the Zulus. Dividing his army, Chelmsford sent one column along the coast, another from the northwest, and personally traveled with his Centre Column which moved through Rourkes Drift to attack the Zulu capital at Ulundi. Arriving at Rourkes Drift, near the Tugela River, on January 9, 1879, Chelmsford detailed Company B of the 24th Regiment of Foot (2nd Warwickshire), under Major Henry Spalding, to garrison the mission station. Belonging to Otto Witt, the mission station was converted into a hospital and storehouse. Pressing on to Isandlwana on January 20, Chelmsford reinforced Rourkes Drift with a company of Natal Native Contigent (NNC) troops under Captain William Stephenson. The following day, Colonel Anthony Durnfords column passed through en route to Isandlwana. Late that evening, Lieutenant John Chard arrived with an engineer detachment and orders to repair pontoons. Riding ahead to Isandlwana to clarify his orders, he returned to the drift early on the 22nd with orderes to fortify the position. As this work began, the Zulu army attacked and destroyed a sizable British force at the Battle of Isandlwana. Around noon, Spalding left Rourkes Drift to ascertain the location of reinforcements that were supposed to be arriving from Helpmekaar. Prior to leaving, he transferred command to Lieutenant Gonville Bromhead. Battle of Rourkes Drift - Preparing the Station: Shortly after Spaldings departure, Lieutenant James Adendorff arrived at the station with news of the defeat at Isandlwana and the approach of 4,000-5,000 Zulus under Prince Dabulamanzi kaMpande. Stunned by this news, the leadership at the station met to decide their course of action. After discussions, Chard, Bromhead, and Acting Assistant Commissary James Dalton decided to stay and fight as they believed that the Zulus would overtake them in open country. Moving quickly, they dispatched a small group of Natal Native Horse (NNH) to serve as pickets and began fortifying the mission station. Constructing a perimeter of mealie bags that connected the stations hospital, storehouse, and kraal, Chard, Bromhead, and Dalton were alerted to the Zulus approach around 4:00 PM by Witt and Chaplain George Smith who had climbed the nearby Oscarberg hill. Shortly thereafter, the NNH fled the field and was quickly followed by Stephensons NNC troops. Reduced to 139 men, Chard ordered a new line of biscuit boxes built across the middle of the compound in an effort to shorten the perimeter. As this progressed, 600 Zulus emerged from behind the Oscarberg and launched an attack. Battle of Rourkes Drift - A Desperate Defense: Opening fire at 500 yards, the defenders began inflicting casualties on the Zulus as they swept around the wall and either sought cover or moved onto the Oscarberg to fire on the British. Others attacked the hospital and northwest wall where Bromhead and Dalton aided in throwing them back. By 6:00 PM, with his men taking fire from the hill, Chard realized that they could not hold the entire perimeter and began pulling back, abandoning part of the hospital in the process. Showing incredible heroism, Privates John Williams and Henry Hook succeeded in evacuating most of the wounded from the hospital before it fell. Fighting hand-to-hand, the one of the men cut through wall to the next room while the other held off the enemy. Their work was made more frantic after the Zulus set the hospitals roof on fire. Finally escaping, Williams and Hook succeeded in reaching the new box line. Throughout the evening, attacks continued with the British Martini-Henry rifles exacting a heavy toll against the Zulus older muskets and spears. Refocusing their efforts against the kraal, the Zulus finally compelled Chard and Bromhead to abandon it around 10:00 PM and consolidate their line around the storehouse. By 2:00 AM, most of the attacks had ceased, but the Zulus did maintain a steady harassing fire. In the compound, most of the defenders were injured to some degree and only 900 rounds of ammunition remained. As dawn broke, the defenders were surprised to find that the Zulus had departed. A Zulu force was spotted around 7:00 AM, but it did not attack. An hour later, the tired defenders were roused again, however the approaching men proved to be a relief column sent by Chelmsford. Battle of Rourkes Drift -Aftermath: The heroic defense of Rourkes Drift cost the British 17 killed and 14 wounded. Among the wounded was Dalton whose contributions to the defense won him the Victoria Cross. All told, eleven Victoria Crosses were awarded, including seven to the men of the 24th, making it the highest number given to one unit for a single action. Among the recipients were Chard and Bromhead, both of whom were promoted to major. Precise Zulu losses are not known, however they are thought to number around 350-500 killed. The defense of Rourkes Drift quickly earned a place in British lore and helped to offset the disaster at Isandlwana. Selected Sources British Battles: Battle of Rourkes DriftRourkes Drift VC: The BattleBattle of Rourkes Drift

Privacy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Privacy - Assignment Example The recording of different aspects of a person’s life can be perceived as having a rather long established history in human society. Over the years, this has however been undergoing a radical transformational change in the type of data collected, the depth of this information as well as its volume. The effect of this transformation is that individuals in society only get to enjoy what are relatively very low levels of privacy. One of the easiest avenues through which privacy violations can potentially occur is through the internet. While most systems and websites require that an individual voluntarily provides private information, it is possible for this information to be illegally acquired through phishing and hacking (Bernal, 12-14). The threat to privacy that is posed by phishing websites and hackers is that people in society are now investing in better and increasingly more expensive computer security systems to ensure that their information and data is secure and remains private. Another effect that privacy is seen to be having on privacy is that countries and societies around the world are now clamoring for lawmakers to formulate and implement better privacy laws to protect them. This was recently brought to a head when it emerge that that the United States national security agency had not only put mobile data on the country’s citizens on surveillance in an attempt to try an fight terrorism, it had also expanded its surveillance to include millions of individuals around the world and this included the German Chancellor (Bihanic, 165). The reducing privacy in society has raised a number of ethical concerns key of which is the threat to the society’s privacy that is posed by the government (Morley, 205). Although some of the actions that are routinely taken by the government such as compelling individuals to identify themselves, database profiling, and conducting physical searches on people’s home can be argued to be done with good

The First Meditation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The First Meditation - Essay Example xperiences in order to decipher what is real and what is not and he theorises that the dreaming experiences he has been a manifestation of his waking experiences and that dreams cannot be formed without the latter. Descartes’ worry about not being able to distinguish between his waking and dreaming experiences can be a serious problem for scientific knowledge because there would be no means of making a distinction about what is true and what is false. The result of such a scenario is that a large number of scientific studies and thought, while being extremely popular in some schools, might turn out to be completely false. Moreover, the development of newer scientific theories would be much difficult since even the scientific thinkers will not be able to know whether their theories are based on reality or not. The result of Descartes’ worry would be that what are considered to be scientific facts might turn out to be the imagination of individuals and not based on realit y. Descartes speculates that perhaps an evil genius, or what he terms as a malignant demon, is the one who influences his dreams and makes him believe that what he sees in his dreams happened in reality. The evil genius works towards putting false images into his mind during his state of slumber and thus ensures that Descartes is unable to distinguish what is real from what is not and whether what he is dreaming actually took place in reality (Descartes 38). Therefore, Descartes is faced with two dilemmas, and one of these is whether life is based on foundations of falsehood and the other is whether life is influenced by an evil genius whose intention is to ensure that individuals are confused about reality and the dream experience. The result of these thoughts by Descartes is that he develops two different theories about reality and the foundation upon which it is built and whether there are other influences that might be at work in the formation of reality. The problem that is more d ifficult

The effects of retail channel integration through the use of Essay

The effects of retail channel integration through the use of information technologies on Firm performance - Essay Example The article â€Å"The effects of retail channel integration through the use of information technologies on Firm performance† gives a vivid insight into the strategy that can be employed to integrate activities across multiple channels. This resolution lies in the use of information technology, a solution that offers a promising opportunity for most of the retail firms. This is because it is directed towards the enhancement of the relationship that exists between them and their customers. This is, in addition to improving the performance, of the firm in virtually all sectors. This can be tied to the fact that the goal of most firms is to improve people’s lives through their services and products. This is, in addition to, making profits that can enable them stay in the market for a long time. Throughout the article, the authors have focused on the constructive effects of information technology just to encourage those who are not into it to try out. They base this on the f act that by integrating both traditional and contemporary Channels within the retail industries efficiency and integration is improved. These effects, in one way or another, function to the act of the firm as well as customers who are among the key stake holders in any given firm. Another fact is that environment has a role to play because its dynamism is a sure moderating factor of the effects brought about by competence and modernization. All these attributes are aimed at inciting firms to employ this technique in both the retail and service sectors especially to those firms that have both physical and online operation. (Khosrowpou, 2006). Critique of article In the modern world of business, there has been increased shift towards the creation of positive environment that enhances productivity and efficiency. Thus, why many firms resolve to employ CRM software to provide a dependable platform for both customers and firms. This, in part, corresponds to the message in the article dis cussed. However, even though there is the persistence of adoption of technology, it should be noted that it is not for all companies to use it for some use â€Å"excel and outlook† in a stationary surroundings to uphold their information. In such a company, high technology such as use of CRM software is undoubtedly inappropriate. Therefore, the article has not emphasized on what companies are eligible to this high technology, for this is most prominent in growing businesses who are obliged to manage customer’s information with reliable software especially in the constantly changing business environment (Sambumurthy, 2003). However, the article has a valuable message concerning the ways in which businesses can manage change. This is because the modern day organizations have become complex, uncertain and more unpredictable, and, therefore, invention of ways of overcoming these challenges. Therefore, the advent of globalization demands that companies keep themselves up-to -date either through the latest technology or management fad (Lin-Bin et al, 2010). This vertical integration has numerous effects on the factors that lead to firm’s performance such as increasing firm size and reducing uncertainty. However, it has also its own

The Concept Of Evidence Based Practice Social Work Essay

The Concept Of Evidence Based Practice Social Work Essay Introduction This essay aims to identify and critically appraise evidence of whether social intervention improve outcome for depression in British Pakistani women. I will analyse whether social intervention can lead to improve mental wellbeing, empowerment and individual growth. I will analyse the value emphasis of therapeutic social support in mental health. The context of social work practice in mental health is complex, therefore social work intervention has to have an ethical and value based framework. I will assess the theoretical basis for standardise practice. The statutory changes in Britain to consider the fundamental values position incorporated in recent policies and legislation will be examined. Define the concept of evidence based practice Evidence based practice (EBP) according to Sackett (1997) citied in Gray et al (2009: 119) connotes a process of improving professional judgement through the conscientious and judicious integration and synthesis of well-researched empirical evidence to evaluate the efficacy and effectiveness of intervention in enhancing service users outcomes and how this can be integrated into practice context to improve service delivery and professional accountability (Department of Health Service and Public Safety, 2012) (Gray, Plath, Webb, 2009) (Sheppard, 2004) (Corby, 2006). It gives a framework for analysing the situation and generating a number of possible options (Thompson N., 2000, p. 35). (Mathews Crawford, 2011) suggested that practitioners must think critically and reflect on research evidence for credibility, completeness and transferability to inform professional judgement as this an implication for policy makers, professionals, communities and service users. The impetus for EBP within social work is underpinned on the centrality on service users best interest to guide practice that is culturally sensitive and of significance to service users within the dynamic context of practice, legislation and social policy (Bolton, 2002). EBP therefore necessitates social workers reflexivity of how values, theoretical assumptions, policies, past experiences and the context in which practice takes place combine with service users perspective, preferences, and culture to guide and inform practice (Munro, 2002:10). This is to account for the multifaceted personal, cultural and social dimensions of service users (Webber Nathan, 2010) Select an aspect of social work What interest me in this topic is the gap which exist in providing culturally sensitive support to black and ethnic minority group with depression. The evidence available suggest that individual with mental health distress including depression are the most marginalised and excluded groups in society (Stepney Ford, 2001). Additionally, the prevalence of depression in black and minority ethnic (BME) and in particular women from Pakistani background in Britain, underlines the importance of supporting statutory and voluntary initiatives directed towards meeting their needs (Husain, Creed, Tomenson, 1997) (Gater, et al., 2009). (Miranda, et al., 2003) noted the gap in evidence based for social intervention. Drawing on their practice experiences and appropriate evidence Within the context of community voluntary mental health services, their diverse types of evidence that informs practice and policy and social workers have an ethical obligation in the choice of theories and model of working. In my practice, a systems approach is emphasised in understanding the interplay and multiplicity of service users context. Psychodynamic approach is concerned with how perceptions of needs, stigma and stereotypical assumptions motivate human behaviour including help seeking, disclosure of sensitive information. Past experiences are seen as central in the problems individual experience and used in understanding the dynamics of the helping relationship. Social learning theory suggests behaviours are influenced by service users socio-cultural context. For example help seeking behaviour is influenced and reinforced by stigma and service delivery Therefore cognitive- behavioural therapy is emphasised by understanding the role perceptions in help seeking. Therefore through interaction, modelling service users perception is influenced. Conflict theory is invaluable in understanding cultural conflicts, stigma and oppression, power imbalance. As noted in Saleeby (1996) the strength perspective is intrinsic to social work values of service users involvement, and respecting individual as having strengths The feminist perspective takes into account the role of gender and the historical lack of power experienced by women. Collaborative relationship is emphasised between the social worker and service user through equality and empowerment. Through empirical observation using randomised controlled trial, Gater, et al (2010) investigated the effective of Social intervention for British Pakistani women with depression. It sought to explain the cause and effect, to predict and control reality, and to create unambiguous objective truth that can be proven or disproved to inform the effectiveness of intervention and policies implementation. Qualitative data used to understand individuals social reality within their socio- cultural context which questions cultural assumptions, discrimination and oppression and the implication and significance in implementation. This can be used to conceptualise service users perspective regarding intervention and polices implications, their needs and perceptions about current polices and interventions. The problem solving model focuses on understanding service users in their context and working in partnership. In a cross sectional study, prevalence of depression amongst women of Pakistani origin was twice as high compare to white European women (Gater, et al., 2009). (Campbell McLean, 2002) suggested that social capital resources is embedded in within social networks and improve recovery. An alternative explanatory framework for the prevalence of depression in Pakistani women in mental health statistics has been the social constructive perspective. This perspective encompasses help seeking behaviour. There are some evidenced based interventions that have been proven to help people recovery from depression. The randomized control trial study by (Harris, Brown, Robinson, Befriending as an intervention for chronic depression among women in an inner city: Randomised control trail, 1999) found that befriending schemes are beneficial in improving recovery. This is to counter the criticisms of institutional racism and cultural assumptions in the delivery of mental health services to black and ethnic minority groups (Gould, 2010). Phillip Rack (1982) cited in (Gould, 2010): 40 proposed a Culturally attuned approach that used insight This intervention is central to social work values of respecting and valuing uniqueness and diversity and recognising and building strengths. Social intervention involves aspects of partnership and include and emphasis on the impact of environmental pressures on individuals and therefore can be invaluable in anti-discriminatory work with service users in offering empowerment and dealing with structural oppression (Ahmad B. , 1990, p. 51). He also noted the importance of importance of qualitative research in exploring these issues (Ahmad W. , 1995). This social intervention included specific target groups. It uses an approach that included education and/or direct contact with people who are depressed. Social intervention provides social workers with a structural appreciation of the nature of social problems (Gould, 2010, p. 60) (Harris, 2010) social support and depression Reconnection of hope through therapeutic encounter Psychosocial and cognitive therapies have now been included in clinical practice guidelines. However, there remain considerable problems with black and ethnic minority accessing these services. Research has shown a consistent relationship between mental illness and indicators of social disadvantages (Fryers, Melzer, Jenkins, 2003). Thus, development of strategies to support help seeking and treatment is needed. (Mathews Crawford, 2011) (Orme Shemmings, 2010) (Smith, 2004) (Gask, Aseem, Waquas, Waheed, 2011) qualitative thematic analysis (social isolation) family conflict, social cultural factors, psychosocial factors Identify what can be learned from the evidence In Gater,et al (2010) Social intervention for British Pakistani women with depression: randomised controlled trial, Participants social functioning and depression were signi ¬Ã‚ cantly improved. Given the prevalence of depression (Gater, et al., 2009) in this group and the under-representation amongst people able to access supportive services, this presents an important development. In relation to improving participants engagement qualitative studies have found the debilitating effect of stigma as a signi ¬Ã‚ cant barrier for accessing support (Livingston Boyd, 2010) (Mak, Poon, Pun, Cheung, 2007). Stigma is understood as the interplay of individuals social identity and socio-cultural dynamics in which individuals with mental health are discriminated against and socially excluded due to stereotypical assumption (Lam, 2008). This  ¬Ã‚ nding is consistent with the evidence regarding social support interventions in (Harris, A stress-vunerability model of mental health disorder: implications for practice, 2010). However, there is a gap of how stigma associated with mental illness can be reduced. The study was of high research quality, which indicates a reduced risk of biasness and confounding. A major limitation of this study is heterogeneity amongst the sample, that only 123 participants and increase in social functioning is limited to only 3 months. Therefore, the medium to long-term effects of social intervention within this group remain largely unknown. Another research gap is the absence of a dynamic medication adherence related studies aimed at this group, which have been identi ¬Ã‚ ed as important for achieving adherence and better outcome for depression (Miranda, et al., 2003). Addressing the resistance from family members around issue of confidentiality and stigma amongst this population may be best accomplished through culturally appropriate communication strategies that facilities warm and empathy and social capital. In contrast, the research suggests that social intervention although it improves depression in the short run will not achieve meaningful improvements in the long run without antidepressant. (Department of Health, 2007) emphasises partnership working, respect for diversity, strengths and aspirations and service users centred. Its focus on effectiveness, accountability and personal development are congruent with the principles of evidence based practice. (Slade, 2009) noted that personal recovery is a challenging and contested concept within the domain of empirical evidence. The multi facet level of mental illness is evident in the definition of mental health, the impact of treatment and the social consequences. However, (Resnick, Fontana, Lehman, RA, 2005) highlighted that empowerment, hope and optimism, knowledge and life satisfaction outcome that are central to the recovery model allows the prevalence of recovery to be investigated empirically. (Gould, 2010) As stated in (Gater, et al., 2009), an epidemiology of depression that accounts for social support and social difficulties is critical. Social context of depression Nonetheless, depression is associated with important negative consequences, such as social exclusion, low self-esteem. Social exclusion according to (Hills, LeGrand, Piachaud, 2004)should be conceptualise in the context of the personal, cultural and structural dimension and highlighted lack of social interaction as a form of social exclusion. Attuned to cultural beliefs and norms Social and inclusive practice have been developed and reinforced by the Capabilities for Inclusive Practice (Department of Health , 2007) report: working in partnership, respecting diversity. Assessment requires service users participation and access to information to make informed choice. This model of assessment has to be cultural sensitive and proactive in nature. Psychosocial assessment Although social support is frequently referred to as beneficial in relation to depression, there has been little attempt to specify what this means and to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions to reduce isolation. (Tew, 2004) Partnership working is crucial in adopting a social model of intervention. Culturally sensitive practice. (Gater, Waheed, Husain, Tomenson, Aseem, Creed, 2010) (Webber W. , 2011) Research indicates that (Oakley, Strange, Toroyan, Wiggins, Roberts, Stephenson, 2003) Mental health is practice within a context of multi-disciplinary collaboration to integrate the bio-psychosocial model of practice. The implementation of EBP within this context has to account for the theoretical assumptions that underpin this area of practice. This involves training and supervision. Research by (Huxley, et al., 2005) indicated stress of workers as accounting for their lack of implementing EBP. noted that another reason for EBP not been implemented is due to stereotypical assumptions that black and ethnic minorities prefer informal support than support from professional. One barrier to effective assessment and intervention for depression epidemiology Another barrier is the reluctance of ethnic minority group to share their emotional symptoms due to family pressure and perceive stigma. To overcome these barriers, social intervention that accounts for social capital is crucial. EBP therefore requires practice that is needs not resources leads if services are to be provided that are of sound professional judgement. Perceptions about depression and stigma have been empirically supported in experimental, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies to worsen depression and affect interpersonal outcome and social support (Thomsen, 2006). Analysis and reflective process of data collection, the transparencies about the relational nature of the research, and the ways which service users perspective are constructed through a respectful partnership and reflexivity of how our values, theoretical assumptions, policies, past experiences and the context in which practice takes place. Trust and openness in research relationship a reciprocal process right- based analytical approach (Department of Health, 2008) ethical and critical engage that with respectful uncertainties that reflect on the process of engagement and analysis Mutual and sincere collaboration, over time respectful uncertainties Using multiple data sources to account for publication biasness and multiple perspectives and ways of knowing Acknowledgement of complexities of realities Use of reflexivity focus on contexts of and relationships between researcher and researched as shaping the creation of knowledge. Ethical consideration in knowledge (Gask, Aseem, Waquas, Waheed, 2011) understanding how symptoms are expressed and perceive. Understanding emotional expressiveness within cultural context. Conclusion In conclusion, social intervention has highlighted strategies that have demonstrated some success for improving help seeking. Given the complexities and multi facet dimension of individual experiences and the context in which needs occurs, it is imperative that the uniqueness of individual is taken into account within the paradigm of culturally competent practice (Dalrymple and Burke, 2006). In addition, Social Work practice draws on theoretical knowledge from social sciences, which are usually Eurocentric, it is essential, that Social Work practice integrate knowledge from best evidence for it to meet it ethical obligation to counter oppressive and discriminatory practice (Thompson N. , 2003) (Webber W. , 2011). (Thompson N. 2003)

Early Childhood Education Observation Essay -- Classroom Observation E

While walking through the front gates of County elementary school, you see children of all ages playing while they wait for the school bell to ring. Walking to the classroom that I will be observing you see students with their parent’s line up waiting to get signed in. The students are to be signed in by a parent or guardian for safety precautions, and shows that the child was signed into school. As a visitor, I am to sign myself in, this shows I was in the classroom, at what time was I there, and reason for visiting the classroom. Introducing myself to Mrs. Smith the classroom teacher, and Mrs. Brown the teaching assistant; I explained that I will be observing the classroom. Mrs. Smith informed me that the name of the program is County Unified School District First 5 Pre K Academy, there are 12 elementary, 7 schools that have this program; a goal of the program is to have the other 5 elementary schools with the program. They are also part of a few other programs that make this program possible for the students: Color Me Healthy, CATCH, and First 5. Each of these programs have a high impact on the program, they help in their own subject of the program. This Pre k program is offered to students’ age 4-5 years old, and it is based on a first come first served basis. Walking through the classroom observing at what is available; I see a storage area for the students to put their backpacks and jackets right when they are to walk through the door. There is the first aid backpack, evacuation procedures, scheduled drills date, school calendar and important dates at the front by the door which is also their emergency exit. Mrs. Smith pointed me to the direction of where there will be information about the program and the pr... ...nvironment the children are in is a safe area that is provide with security and first aid. I really enjoy learning the policy about late pick, this really informed me more also on the word abandonment. Works Cited "CATCH Early Childhood Physical Education." Introduction (n.d.): 1. Print. "First 5 San Bernardino." Complaint and Grievance Procedures (n.d.): 1. Print. Healthy, Color Me. "SPARK." Introduction to Spark Early Childhood (ec) (n.d.): 1-4. Print. "Observation Essay." Observation Essay: Outline, Format, Structure, Topics, Examples. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Apr. 2014. "Pre-K Academy - HUSD Family Resource Center." Pre-K Academy - HUSD Family Resource Center. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Apr. 2014. Sorte, Joanne Author. Nutrition: Promoting Wellness. Boston, MA: Pearson, 2014. 446-53. Print. Tardiness and Late Pick-up (n.d.): 1. Print.

Profile of an Adolescent Bully Essay

From 2000 to the present time, there have been well over 600 peer-reviewed articles published on bullying. When compared to the less than 190 articles that were published from 1980 to 2009, one has to acknowledge that this area of research has exploded. Research indicates that between 10% and 30% of children and youth are involved in bullying and that bullying also increases during the middle school period as children enter adolescence (Cook, Williams, Guerra, Kim & Sadek, 2010, p. 65). Talk to any adolescent in school today and they will have their own story about their experience with bullying and there is a consistent agreement that it is becoming more complex to address. This essay is intended to inform the audience of some of the different behaviors and characteristics of bullies, the different methods of bullying, and to explore the possible reasons for origination in order to assist in future prevention and intervention efforts. Where is the Research? While performing research for this paper it became quickly noticeable that studies profiling a bully’s traits are scarcely performed. The focus of most research is in areas such as the methods of harassment used by bullies (i. e. cyber bullying), or the ramifications towards society caused by being bullied [i. e. school shootings (Barnett, Miller-Perrin, Perrin, 2011, p. 280). ] There is little research focused solely on profiling the bully him/herself. If society is going to make a longstanding change and truly break the cycle of harassment between adolescents than the background of the bully should be explored and assessed. While a profile of a potential victim is offered, it is used to better complete an accurate understanding of the adolescent bully. Definition of a Bully Bullying is commonly defined as a specific type of aggressive behavior intended to distress a vulnerable person and includes intent to cause harm, occurs repeatedly and involves a power imbalance (Barnett et al. , 2011, p. 160). During childhood, bullies are rejected, isolated, and disliked by their peers. Social acceptance for the bully changes during adolescence to being well accepted and liked by their peers. This could be due to the children’s gradual transition into adolescence resulting in an increased knowledge in social problem solving, or gaining an ability to negotiate a confrontation with others thereby diffusing volatile situations (Cook et al. , 2010, p. 71). Two Types of Bully’s Currently, there are two types of bully’s that are invading American grade schools, the typical bully and the bully victim. The typical bully.  An adolescent described as being loud, assertive, somewhat socially and academically challenged, hostile, possesses negative attitudes and beliefs about others, minimal problem-solving skills, and comes from a family environment typically characterized by conflict and poor parental monitoring (Cook et al. , 2010, pp. 75-76, Batsche & Knoff, 1994, p. 166). The bully victim. An adolescent holding negative attitudes and beliefs about him/herself and others, has minimal social competence, does not have adequate social problem-solving skills, has poor academic performance, and s not only rejected and isolated by peers but also negatively influenced by the peers with whom he or she interacts with (Cook et al. , 2010, p. 76). A possible motive for a bully victim to become aggressive at school is that they may be experiencing their own victimization due to the emotional and psychological effects of being a victim at home (Rivers, Poteat, Noret, Ashurst, 2009, p. 212), and are exposed to family models of aggression resulting in violence contributing to violence (Barnett et al. , 2011). Beyond Primary Roles There has been a significant change as to how bullying behavior is understood. With the expansion past primary roles such as bully and victim, Rivers et al. have defined secondary roles that can categorize all participants of a victimization scenario. The assistant bully plays an active but secondary role to the bully. The reinforcer is considered to be a pupil that joins in laughing at the victim or encouraged the bully. Outsiders are aware that the bullying is taking place but will actively remove themselves from the situation. Lastly, the defender is seen as one that directly intervenes or displays help-seeking behavior when involved in bullying situation, and is most times a female (2009, p. 12). Motives The motives of bullies range from satisfying the need for power or to be affiliated with another person or group that is powerful, to a partial or total inability to manage anger. Dependent on their environment at home, they may exert themselves to attain a sense of control in their lives. On closer observation, bullies often demonstrate problems with impulsivity, a need to dominate others, and show little sympathy or empathy for their victims. Some bullies even admit that they â€Å"like† being a bully and may have a slightly justified outlook on their social role. Parents of Bullies Research has shown that parents of bullies prefer authoritarian parenting styles, will sometimes reject their child or show hostility, may show inconsistent parenting while supervising at a minimum, and have poor problem-solving skills (Batsche & Knoff, 1994, p. 166). The parents of adolescent bullies have failed to model positive conflict resolution or how to satisfy their need for attention, therefore the bully will continue with harassing others because it has proven to be an effective strategy (Cook et al. , 2010). The bully may also be witnessing interparental violence at home (Barnett et al. , 2011, 161). Rivers et al. have shown that children who witness violence at home regularly are more likely to require counseling to overcome the emotional and relationship difficulties they experience (2009). Not addressing negative behavior patterns may result in the behaviors continuing into adulthood, resulting in bullying others at their workplace, and increasing their likeliness of being convicted of a criminal offense during adulthood than their noninvolved peers. They are also at a higher risk for experiencing psychiatric problems, difficulties in romantic relationships and substance abuse problems (Cook et al. 2010, p. 79). Leaving this issue unaddressed also allows for the bully to possibly simulate the same environment that was conducive to their becoming a bully while raising their offspring therefore possibly making bullying intergenerational. Different Modes of Bullying Once seen as mostly physical in nature, bullying has now transformed into a ten-headed monster that spans from physical/direct bullying to various forms of indirect bullying such as turning friends against their peers, threats, and teasing. Bullying has also been made more complex and autonomous with the introduction and ease of accessibility to technology. Now bullies use tools such as text, e-mails, websites and chat rooms to torment their victims (Barnett et al. , 2011, p. 279). Measures of bullying. These measures need to encompass the three broad domains of behaviors that constitute bullying: direct physical bullying, direct verbal bullying, and indirect bullying in which the person or group of persons doing the bullying is not necessarily identified (Carbone-Lopez, Esbensen & Brick, 2010, p. 334). Most common types of bullying are verbal, then physical, then threats. Boys have always gravitated more towards physical bullying while girls tend to verbally bully their victims (Barnett et al. , 2011, p. 280). One of the reasons suggested was that girl verbal skills develop earlier than boys and until recently, it was seen as socially unacceptable and unladylike to physically bully (Strohmeier, Wagner, Spiel & von Eye, 2010, p. 187). The general concept of bullying entails a distinct type of aggression characterized by a repeated and systematic abuse of power. There are many acets to bullying that include but are not limited to physical aggression, verbal aggression (e. g. name calling and threats), relational aggression (e. g. , social isolation and rumor spreading), and cyber-aggression (e. g. , text messaging and e-mailing hurtful messages or images), a new venue for inflicting harm in an increasingly electronic youth culture (Strohmeier et al. , 2010, p. 187 ). The technology boom of today has brought new ways of communicating with each other. E-mail, instant messaging, Facebook, Myspace and texting are some of the new facets of communication. Gone are the days of writing letters or simply giving someone a phone call; people find personal confrontation easier to avoid and use these technologies to hide behind instead. The art of conversation is quickly giving way to this type of messaging and avoidance. Today’s society finds it much easier to verbally attack someone behind a phone or computer than to do it face-to-face. Victims Characteristics. Victims are characterized as submissive and non-assertive (Barnett et al. , 2011, p. 161). More often being smaller than the bully; the victim may be more sensitive, unhappy, cautious, quiet, and/or withdrawn (Cook et al. 2010, p. 65). Because the victim allows for the bullying to continue, one can only assume that they have passive or submissive characteristics. They may also be insecure and will not normally assert themselves. When attacked they withdraw and cry and since they are vulnerable, they will not retaliate. There is also an alternative type of victim termed the â€Å"provocative victim. † These victims are overactive, may have irritating behaviors, and are anxious along with showing aggressive traits (Green, Felix, Sharkey, Furlong & Kras, 2012, p. 1). These types of victims could possibly be a bully victim in the making. Age range. Victims are normally the same age and in the same class as the bully (Rivers et al. , 2009, p. 212). Therefore the bully will spend enough time with the victim to know them well. The bully does not have as much opportunity to victimize younger students since the chance to be around them lessens as they progress through school. The number of older pupils with opportunity to bully at decreased risk to selves decreases as the bully ages. Gender specifics. When explored, the reasons for bullying another peer differ by gender. A study done by Beaty & Alexeyev states that boy bullies pick on others because they â€Å"do not fit in,† are physically weak, or due to the clothes they wore (2008, p. 2). Victims also include those that are special needs, deviate from the norm, or differ in sexual orientation or race (Barnett, 2011, p. 161). Girls also primarily bully others because they â€Å"do not fit in,† but differ greatly when choosing who to pick on according to cognitive abilities. While boys have a tendency to victimize other pupils with special needs, girls chose to victimize what would be considered as â€Å"overachievers† (Rivers et al. 2009, p. 213). Conclusion Now knowing all of this information, how can it be put to use when addressing bullies in their earliest stages? Schools can use this profile of a bully as a window into what makes them become the people they are. Teachers will be able to identify a bully and address background situations such as family structure to offer counseling to the bully and their family. They could also assist victims within the school in learning social skills to deter bullies from picking on them as well.

The Murder of Helen Jewett essays

The Murder of Helen Jewett essays In 1836, the murder of a young prostitute made headlines in New York and around the country. The story was laced with details of sex, death, and sensationalism, everything that captures the publics interest. The Murder of Helen Jewett, written by Patricia Cline Cohen, discusses Cohens uncovering of the information that allows her to reconstruct the whole story. Beginning as a servant in Maine, over the years Helen Jewett assumed four different identities. Being a prostitute in a large city like New York required Helen to do something extra to attract a clientele. As a result she would make up stories about her life that captivated men, as well as wrote sultry letters to her clients. However, she eventually met a man, Richard Robinson, who would hold the key to her heart, and possibly to her death. Robinson was one of many young men who flocked to New York, in his case from Connecticut, to fill the many positions of clerk. Robinson was described as being arrogant and intense. Helen Jewett and him became lovers in a ten-month affair that ended with Robinson being arrested for Jewetts murder. In the end, Robinson was acquitted to the excitement and joy of fellow clerks and other spectators. Since there was never a conviction for murder the case continued to captivate the public for years. Robinson eventually disappeared from New York, making his way to Texas. In Texas, under a new name, Robinson started a new life. In the book, Patricia Cline Cohen, using meticulous research, traces his life there, and takes into account the remaining mystery of the murder. This book is appealing to todays audience because it deals with attributes, such as sex, betrayal, and intrigue that are timeless, and that any generation can relate too. ...

Judaism Essays - Jewish Theology, God In Judaism, Yahweh, Torah

Judaism Essays - Jewish Theology, God In Judaism, Yahweh, Torah Judaism Judaism and God Jews, among the other peoples of the Middle East in the second millennium, B.C., were unique in their conception of the divine as a single entity. Thus, they can rightly be considered the first monotheistic religion in the western tradition. Not only did the Jews describe monotheism for the first time, but they also described a God as a personal being with a supreme and transcendent will. The Egyptians, Syrians, and Babylonians of the day in contrast had assigned a deity to each major power of nature. Compared to these other polytheistic religions, the singular achievement of Jewish monotheism is the focus that it introduces to ones religious life. As Huston Smith explains, If God is that to which one gives oneself unreservedly, to have more than one god is to live a life of divided loyalties. (275) Judaism insists that ther e is a single, consistent way in which life is to be lived to reach fulfillment. Comparing Judaism to the Greek and Roman conceptions of the divine, one finds these other Mediterranean polytheistic gods to be amoral and rather indifferent towards human. For Jews, God is righteous and just, He protects His people, and He possesses infinite loving-kindness. Judaism also holds an overwhelmingly positive view of creation. The Greeks, with their selfish and marauding gods, and the Hindus, who told of the inevitability of sadness and suffering, certainly did not share this optimism. Remember the stories that begin in Genesi s, the first book in the Jewish holy book, the Torah (the first five books of the Christian Old Testament). In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth everything that He had made, and behold, it was very good. Judaism relishes this buoyant and affirmative attitude towards creation. Jewish Philosophy Unlike many of the previously examined eastern traditions, Judaism places an extreme emphasis on the role of free choice in the human condition. Humans, Jews believe, were created by God, but because they possess free will they manage to behave less than perfectly. Consider the story of the Garden of Eden. True, Adam and Eve were seduced by the snake. Their lapse in judgment, however, teaches that humans, once created, are free to make or break themselves, forging their destinies throug h their own decisions. People, Jews believe, are the beloved children of God. God allows them to make mistakes, but always in the hope that they learn from them and improve their condition. Looking at history, Jews see the hand of God constantly intervening in Eden, at the Flood, during the Exod us, and on and on. Each event was a teaching experience for the Jewish people. The Torah tells of how God acts in response to human disobedience. And while there constantly seems to be a tension in the Torahs stories between the way things are and the way things ought to be, Judaism never surrenders to a fatalism that says that life can never be improved. Judaism, out of which grew both Christianity and Islam, is responsible for no less than the moral foundation of the western world. This faith recognizes that humans are social creat ures, yet are often barbaric with each other. The Torah, as a result, contains 613 commandments regarding our behavior, and the core of the Ten Commandments prescribes the rules that make collective or community life possible. Do not murder; do not commit adultery; do not steal; do not bear false witness. Taken individually, any one of these offenses has the potential of escalating to the point where the community is ripped apart. Jews, through most of their history, have been an oppressed people. Their stories in the Torah often detail how justice, ultimately, is done, and how the downtrodden always must maintain hope for a better future. This hope gave the Jews a forward and upward-looking cast of mind, expectant for the Promised Land. Jewish Practice It is often said that Jews are unite d more by what they do than what they believe. For example, Judaism does not declare an official creed (besides monotheism) that one must believe to belong to the faith. Jews range from those who believe that God dictated every letter

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Film Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

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